Introduction

 Science has consistently been a domain where women and girls have played key roles, driving groundbreaking discoveries and inventions that have profoundly shaped our world.

The International Day of Women and Girls in Science, established by the UN General Assembly, stands as an annual testament to the commitment to promote the full and equal access and participation of women in Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The UN General Assembly, on December 22, 2015, adopted resolution 70/212 designating February 11 as the day to annually celebrate this significant occasion, focusing each year on a chosen topic to draw attention to a specific direction.

Amidst the rich tapestry of culture, history, and innovation in Central Asia lies Uzbekistan, renowned for its ancient cities and Silk Road heritage. It has also been a nurturing ground for remarkable women who've made substantial contributions to the field of science. This article delves into the inspiring journey of Uzbek women in science, shedding light on their achievements, challenges, and the transformative impact they've had on their communities and the world.

Historical Perspective

Uzbekistan's commitment to education and cultural advancement spans centuries, with women playing integral roles in these pursuits. In the early 20th century, during the Soviet era, significant strides were made in promoting women's education and their participation across various fields, including science. This laid the foundation for the emergence of Uzbek women as trailblazers in the world of academia and research.

In the contemporary landscape of Uzbekistan, the widespread involvement of women in scientific research and innovation activities is gaining urgent importance. Strengthening the role of women and girls in science at the international level is crucial, coupled with efforts to achieve gender equality in education and science. The rationale is clear – an educated woman fosters intelligent and capable children, contributing to a knowledgeable nation. Notably, about half of Uzbekistan's population, i.e., approached 18 million, comprises women.

In this context, it is noteworthy that 48% of students today are women, a result of creating ample opportunities for girls to obtain quality education, pursue professions, and secure jobs. Since last year, educational opportunities for girls in need of social protection have expanded, with 4 percent state grants allocated to higher education institutions. In 2023, 2000 girls in need of social protection were admitted to higher education institutions based on a state grant, affirming the success of this approach.

Information from the Innovative Development Agency's Information Service reveals that the competition for initiative scientific projects, "Women Scientists" announced by the Agency in 2023, aims at strengthening the position of women in science. The competition yielded substantial results, with 186 projects worth 268,4 billion soms being financed.

Currently, more than 700 doctors of science and 5 academicians working in scientific and educational institutions in Uzbekistan are women. The intellectual work of these scientists, particularly in fields like chemistry, biotechnology, and agriculture, garners not just national but also international recognition.

Approximately 3,000 women are actively engaged in research within scientific institutes under the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. Despite these commendable achievements, the new UNESCO report on science reveals that women constitute only 28% of graduates of technical faculties and 40% of graduates of computer and informatics faculties worldwide, indicating the continued underrepresentation of women in science and technology.

The need for women to recognize their rightful place in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics is crucial. While women have the right to participate in the processes of scientific development, the prevailing scenario indicates male dominance in the field of science globally, especially in industrialized countries.

Simultaneously, acquainting women with the exemplary experiences and achievements of renowned scientists from Uzbekistan and other countries in the fields of education and science, exchanging ideas about scientific traditions, and actively encouraging the potential of women in scientific and innovative activities is important.

The new initiatives of the President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on gender equality policy, presented in his historic speech at the 46th session of the UN Human Rights Council on February 22, 2021 year, further emphasize the commitment to fostering an inclusive environment. Additionally, the proposal to establish a separate state award in Uzbekistan to commend women's selfless services to the state and society, recognizing their achievements in various fields, underscores the nation's dedication to gender equality.

Achievements in STEM

Physics and Mathematics: Uzbek women have left an indelible mark in the fields of physics and mathematics. Professor Feruza Alimova, an accomplished mathematician, stands out as a luminary. Her work, spanning algebra and mathematical logic, has not only earned her national recognition but has also inspired aspiring mathematicians across Uzbekistan.

Medicine and Healthcare: In the medical arena, Dr. Gulchekhra Israilova serves as a beacon of inspiration. A prominent oncologist, her dedicated career in cancer research and treatment has not only improved healthcare outcomes but has also contributed significantly to the broader field of oncology.

Agricultural Sciences: Uzbekistan's agriculture sector has witnessed the remarkable contributions of women like Dr. Dilfuza Egamberdieva. A leading expert in microbiology and soil science, Dr. Egamberdieva's research focuses on sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing the vital role of microorganisms in soil health.

Challenges and Progress

While Uzbek women in science have achieved remarkable milestones, they continue to face challenges common to their global counterparts. Gender stereotypes, cultural expectations, and a historical lack of representation in certain scientific disciplines pose hurdles. However, ongoing efforts within the country aim to address these challenges, encouraging more women to pursue careers in STEM fields through education and mentorship programs.

The Importance of Role Models

The visibility of successful Uzbek women in science serves as a catalyst for change. As role models, they inspire the next generation to dream big and overcome societal barriers. By breaking traditional molds, these women forge paths for others to follow, fostering a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.

Conclusion

The story of Uzbek women in science is one of resilience, determination, and innovation. As they continue to make strides in diverse scientific fields, they not only contribute to the global pool of knowledge but also inspire a new generation of scientists. By celebrating their achievements, addressing challenges, and fostering a supportive environment, Uzbekistan is nurturing a legacy of excellence in science led by its talented and visionary women.

Dilnoza Rakhmatjonova

Leading specialist of the human rights education and and enlightenment department